The cast iron of Isker – the capital of the Siberian Khanate as a source on the history of crafts and trade in Central Asia of the Sheibanid era
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/3007-6528.2023.1.294.305Keywords:
settlement Isker, archaeological finds, metallography of cast iron, economy of the Bukhara Khanate, trade relationsAbstract
The Isker settlement is the ruins of the former capital of the Siberian Khanate. Archaeological study of Isker, carried out since the 80s of the 19th century to the present, it has made it possible to accumulate significant material characterizing the culture, life, economic activities and trade relations of the population living in the capital of the Siberian Khanate. Archaeological research of the Isker settlement have revealed a fairly representative and very specific group of cast iron finds, the localization of production of which is determined by the region of Central Asia. Metallographic studies of the metal showed that the material of cast iron castings is quite homogeneous and has, in its essence, a similar type of structure of white eutectic cast iron, in some cases containing minor zones of partially graphitized metal. Historical sources of the 16th century. and microstructural analyzes of the investigated metal samples indicate the existence in Central Asia of a highly developed, for its time, metallurgy of cast iron and iron foundry, which supplied a wide range of products to the market of adjacent territories that were used in everyday life and industrial activities of the population. In the caravan trade of Central Asia with Siberia, various fabrics occupied a dominant position. From cast iron products to Siberia, mainly dishes were exported, which had a number of positive consumer properties. The small volume of cast iron utensils, recorded archaeologically, apparently represented the optimal balance between supply and demand.
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