Toreutics of Karluks: study of metal composition and manufacturing technology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/3007-6528.2024.2.269.279Keywords:
Middle Ages, Karluks, Taraz, Talas valley, toreutics, metal composition, technology, jewellery art, X-ray fluorescence analysis, optical microscopyAbstract
Medieval toreutics, due to its high social significance, is considered one of the important elements of past cultures. One of the promising directions in its study is the investigation of metal composition and manufacturing techniques. The source base for this research consists of toreutic artifacts discovered at the Taraz settlement during the 2015– 2017 archaeological expedition led by Zh.E. Smailov. The findings include items made of various metals, such as costume details, horse equipment, and household objects. The elemental composition of the alloys was determined using X-ray fluorescence analysis, while technological analysis was conducted through optical microscopy. It was revealed that the majority of the collection consists of items made from various types of bronze. Additionally, there are items crafted from precious metals – silver and high-grade gold. The following processing techniques were identified: forging, embossing, cutting, soldering, engraving, blackening, bending, trimming, polishing, and inlay.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Жуман Егинбаевич Смаилов, Бакыт Мулдашевна Хасенова, Рустем Турарбекович Дарменов, Елена Константиновна Тушева (Автор)
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